• br Myelin and metabolism In addition to promoting efficient

  2021-10-15

  

  Myelin and metabolism In addition to promoting efficient nmda receptor antagonist propagation, myelin is also critical for trophic and metabolic support of axons [56]. To provide metabolites to axons accurately, glia must ‘know’ the metabolic requirements of axons. Could electrical activity by ax

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Several pe

  2021-10-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Several peripheral hormones that are involved in the central regulation of energy homeostasis, such as leptin, insulin, and amylin [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], cross the BBB by saturable and unsaturable mechanisms. Whether these transport processes

• Some studies using RNAi have

  2021-10-14

  

  Some studies using RNAi have recently been invalidated by CRISPR/Cas9 [25] due to significant off-target effects of RNAi [26]. In this study, we have used both RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques and have observed consistent and similar phenotypes thus; knockdown or knockout of PATZ1 resulted in reducti

• PYR-41 Despite the importance of intratumor phenotypic heter

  2021-10-14

  

  Despite the importance of intratumor phenotypic heterogeneity for tumor progression and therapy resistance (Marusyk et al., 2012, Marusyk and Polyak, 2010), our understanding of regulators of this process and our ability to modulate them are very limited. Recent advances in genomic sequencing and si

• Bacitracin Based on our results we propose three possible me

  2021-10-14

  

  Based on our results, we propose three possible mechanisms of HER2 loss after trastuzumab-based therapy (Fig. 3). The first possibility is a result of the differential effects of treatments on clonal subsets. In breast cancer, such selective pressure has been suggested to preferentially eradicate HE

• Small but statistically significant variance in PhyChem inde

  2021-10-14

  

  Small but statistically significant variance in 7 PhyChem indexes measured using intra-host HVR1 variants was shown to be strongly associated with CIP and MIP. All HVR1 sequences (N = 28,622) used here share only 6782 profiles of the selected 29 DAC’ of 7 PhyChem indexes. The significant majority (9

• Recently anti tumor or antiviral

  2021-10-14

  

  Recently, anti-tumor or antiviral strategies using RNAi for both gene silencing and innate-receptor activation were designed; one mechanism of these strategies is activating the intracellular retinoic acid–inducible gene I protein (RIG-I). 5′-Triphosphate RNA (3p-small interfering RNA [siRNA]) is th

• The Fe deficiency treatment significantly increased the shoo

  2021-10-14

  

  The Fe-deficiency treatment significantly increased the shoot/root Fe ratios in both WT and transgenic lines (Fig. 5C), which implied that the Fe distribution from root to shoot may be an adaptive mechanism or stress response in tomato plants. Thus, the overexpression of GSNOR had a positive effect

• br Conflict of interest statement

  2021-10-14

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. Linda Console-Bram for her editing of this review, Valentina Lucchesi for help with the figures, and acknowledge funding from NIH/NIDA (DA023204). GPR35 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicat

• Disrupting the dialog between microbiota and the host especi

  2021-10-14

  

  Disrupting the dialog between microbiota and the host, especially at the level of mucosal immunology, is expected to have profound effects on disease development. By using the AOM+DSS model of colitis-associated CRC, Singh et al. (2014) showed that development of inflammation and CRC are exacerbated

• CD binding to gp causes a large

  2021-10-14

  

  CD4 binding to gp120 causes a large scale conformational change of gp120 which involves the gp120 core structure and the transitions of inner-domain layers (layer 1, 2 and 3), but also involves the movement of the major loops (V1, V2 and V3) [16], [17], [18], [19]. For instance, the V2-loop joins th

• In breeding season small mammals increase

  2021-10-14

  

  In breeding season, small mammals increase dispersal and social communication to maximize their opportunity to mate. In the present study, we found that gerbils in April showed more locomotion and exploratory behavior in the open field test. Moreover, subadult gerbils in April and July were more lik

• Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple ci

  2021-10-14

  

  Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple circuits to control various behaviors. In Drosophila photoreceptor, ptio mg is produced de novo by histidine decarboxylase (Burg et al., 1993); meanwhile, maintaining normal histamine content also depends on the histamine recycling pathway (

• br Conclusions We have shown that

  2021-10-14

  

  Conclusions We have shown that despite the development of severe insulin intolerance and marked alterations in whole body substrate oxidation that Gcgr−/− mice are protected against olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. Our data provides evidence that this protective effect is likely due in large par

• In general substrates that undergo regulated intramembrane p

  2021-10-14

  

  In general substrates that undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis are initially cleaved in the extracellular domain by sheddases such as TACE (TNFα converting enzyme) or ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain)/α-secretase, or by aspartyl proteases, such as BACE/β-secretase, before cle

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