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br S proteins and HBV
2022-05-06

S proteins and HBV-induced autophagy HBV surface proteins (S proteins or HBs) are reported to trigger HBV-induced autophagy by inducing ER stress and UPR in host ifenprodil [22]. HBx and HBV-induced autophagy HBx is a multifunctional viral protein. It can regulate virus replication, promote
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We report herein an electrochemical
2022-05-06

We report herein an electrochemical analysis of the interaction between L1 and sGC, where conventional solution phase voltammetry is combined with a novel technique, the voltammetry of microparticles (VMP), in order to obtain mechanistic information on the deactivation of sGC by L1. The VMP is a sol
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In addition for the function
2022-05-06

In addition, for the function of GSNOR in brain, since GSNOR is the sole alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme in brain, the failure to detect ethanol dehydrogenase activity poses a problem if it is assumed that this enzyme has evolved and developed as a protective mechanism for ethanol detoxification in th
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2022-05-06

Materials and methods Results Discussion Although there is general agreement that GPR109A has anti-lipolytic activity and that the NEFA reduction in response to nicotinic Fostriecin sodium salt is mediated by GPR109A, whether GPR109A activation has any impact on plasma TG levels is unclear
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568 receptor Using embelin and its analogs
2022-05-06

Using embelin and its analogs as surrogate GPR84 agonists we discovered that GPR84 couples to G12 and G13 signaling pathways in addition to Gi, linking receptor function to Rho/Rac signaling and modulation of the cytoskeleton. In primary human macrophages, GPR84 activation leads to Gβγ signaling, Er
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In three independent groups identified GPR A HM A and
2022-05-06

In 2003, three independent groups identified GPR109A (HM74A) and GPR109B (HM74), two GPCRs, as the receptors for niacin., , GPR109A, which is present in all species, is a high affinity receptor for niacin., GPR109B, which is only present in human and chimpanzee, is a low affinity receptor for niac
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br Several reports have shown
2022-05-06

Several reports have shown an anti-proliferative effect of type I IFNs on CD4+ T 3X FLAG tag activated in vitro either upon anti-CD3 antibody treatment [28,29] or upon cognate antigen stimulation [29]. However, the in vivo setting is a lot more complex, since the final outcome is the net effect o
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Tamoxifen is still the most frequently used selective
2022-05-06

Tamoxifen is still the most frequently used selective estrogen receptor mediator (SERM) in premenopausal women suffering from estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast carcinomas [15]. Although this therapy has been proven very successful, about 20–30% of ER+ breast tumors will not respond, or acquire
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To verify DNA glycosylase AP
2022-05-06

To verify DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activity we have employed a simple and efficient method to investigate based on fluorescein-labeled duplex oligonucleotides read on an automated sequencer (Allgayer et al., 2013, Lopes et al., 2007, Lopes et al., 2008). This approach using purified CpMutY proteins
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br Materials and methods br Results
2022-05-05

Materials and methods Results Analysis of the post-mortem human prefrontal cortex by western blotting indicated that GLAST expression was increased 1.6-fold in the extracts of alcoholic brains relative to controls (Fig. 1A and B). To resolve the distinct sub-pools of GLAST within our samples w
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After ischemia expression of transcription factors including
2022-05-05

After ischemia, expression of transcription factors, including products of immediate early genes, stress proteins and neurotrophic factors are also altered in CA1 neurons78, 79. These proteins are potential candidates for downregulating of GluR2 expression by reducing mRNA transcription or stability
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In summary the SAR of
2022-05-05

In summary, the SAR of a series of phenylpropanoic acid-free fatty 1-NM-PP1 receptor agonists is described which resulted in the identification of potent FFA4 agonists. The superior pharmacokinetic properties of compound led to its selection as an in vivo tool compound which afforded robust effica
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Analysis of published albumin X
2022-05-05

Analysis of published albumin X-ray structures had suggested that an allosteric link may exist, but could not establish whether Zn2+ prevented FFA binding or vice versa. This question was answered through competition experiments monitored by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC; Fig. 3) for BSA [55
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Stimulation of FPR by bacterial N
2022-05-05

Stimulation of FPR by bacterial N-formyl peptides induces basophil and mast pak 4 release of immunogenic compounds such as histamine [21], [31]. Furthermore, we demonstrated that histamine plays a role in F-MITs-induced sepsis-like symptoms since cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, comp
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FGF signals can be transduced to
2022-05-05

FGF signals can be transduced to the signaling cascades of RAS-MAPK or PI3K-AKT through FRS2 and GRB2, to the pathways of PKC or PKD via PLCγ and DAG, and to Ca2+-releasing cascade via PLCγ and IP3, finally affecting cellular proliferation, cellular survival, and angiogenesis [48]. By increasing syn
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