• Platycodon grandiflorum is a member

  2022-07-13

  

  Platycodon grandiflorum is a member of the genus Platycodon and is commonly known as balloon flower. In East Asia, P. grandiflorum is used for the treatment of asthma, coughs, inflammatory diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, and diabetes (Takagi and Lee, 1972). Furthermore, recent studies have reporte

• To identify factors associated with being HCV unaware univar

  2022-07-13

  

  To identify factors associated with being HCV-unaware, univariable and multivariable logistic model were used, odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values were reported. We included in the multivariable model factors associated with unawareness of HCV infection in univariable analysis with a

• The neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus has been

  2022-07-13

  

  The neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus has been widely used in experimental designs for being sensitive to variations in water quality and tolerant to laboratory conditions (Camargo and Martinez, 2006, Cazenave et al., 2014, da Silva and Martinez, 2014, Vieira et al., 2016). Concern and reports a

• Organisms can adapt to increasing ROS production by up

  2022-07-13

  

  Organisms can adapt to increasing ROS production by up-regulating antioxidant defences, such as the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Livingstone, 2003). Failure of antioxidant defences to detoxify excess ROS production can lead to significant oxidative damage including enzyme inactivation, protein

• br GSK Glycogen synthase kinase GSK is a ubiquitous

  2022-07-13

  

  GSK-3 Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that is involved in multiple signaling pathways that are crucial for cellular metabolism and proliferation (Doble and Woodgett, 2003, Frame and Cohen, 2001, Grimes and Jope, 2001, Woodgett, 1990). GSK-3 is known to d

• A number of synthetic GPR agonists have been reported

  2022-07-13

  

  A number of synthetic GPR119 agonists have been reported to date, several of which have advanced into clinical trials. Reported GPR119 agonists are often composed of three parts as depicted in : a piperidine or a piperazine ring -substituted with a carbamate or a heteroaryl group at the right side,

• Generally replacement of the aryl

  2022-07-13

  

  Generally, replacement of the aryl group was well tolerated, with tetrahydropyran () and hydroxyl () functionality providing potency equivalent to and . These substitutions had no effect on selectivity versus GlyT2 and taurine transporter (TauT)—no activity was observed at micromolar concentrations

• FFAR is highly expressed not

  2022-07-13

  

  FFAR1 is highly expressed not only in β cells but also in α bcl-2 family (Segerstolpe et al., 2016), which gives the interesting perspective that 20-HETE may function both as an autocrine and as a paracrine regulator of islet cell function (Figure 1A), i.e., acting in symphony with the many other i

• In spite of the similarities of

  2022-07-13

  

  In spite of the similarities of caffeine's effects in L929 cells and erythrocytes, a major difference can be identified in the magnitude of inhibition (35% versus 90%). It initially seems reasonable to conclude from this finding that the reduced magnitude of caffeine inhibition in L929 cells is simp

• Neither GIP nor GIPR SNPs were associated with occurrence of

  2022-07-13

  

  Neither GIP nor GIPR SNPs were associated with occurrence of fractures in the OPRA cohort (Table 4). Discussion The basis for this study lies in the role of glucose-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) hormone in the regulation of insulin secretion as well as its anabolic effect on osteoblasts and inhib

• br Central control of GI

  2022-07-13

  

  Central control of GI ghrelin secretion The CNS communicates with the GI tract through the vagus nerve originating in the DMV and sympathetic spinal afferents emanating from the thoracic spinal chord (Bray, 2000). The cells that secrete peripheral ghrelin are under direct control of these two pat

• Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of body s response to

  2022-07-13

  

  Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of body's response to stress (Armario, 2006). Repeated injections of the glucocorticoid corticosterone (CORT) in mice have been shown to produce an animal model of depression (Zhao et al., 2008). Further study of this phenomenon suggested that prolonged CORT expos

• Encouraged by the observation obtained from

  2022-07-12

  

  Encouraged by the observation obtained from region A, we selected the structure of 1 as the next template to successively pursue the SAR on regions B-D of 1 (lower side of Fig. 2). Next, we turned attention to the external aromatic ring of 1 to verify the impact on the antagonistic activity and prep

• br Methods br Results We have

  2022-07-12

  

  Methods Results We have previously used ß-hex assays in HeLa EGTA to study the role of lysosomal exocytosis on transition metal clearance and the effects of transition metals on lysosomal exocytosis [26], [29], [40]. ß-hex is a lysosomal enzyme, the delivery of which to the extracellular mediu

• The ETB receptor has been shown to

  2022-07-12

  

  The ETB receptor has been shown to decrease sodium transport in the renal medullary collecting duct and medullary thick ascending limb of Henle10, 11, 12, 13, 18. However, both inhibitory and stimulatory effects of endothelin have been reported in the proximal tubule16, 47, 48, 49. In the rat, endot

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