• After activation AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved

  2020-01-11

  

  After activation, AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved in cell growth, metabolism and survival (Manning and Cantley, 2007). For example, AKT phosphorylates the pro-apoptotic protein BAD, preventing it from binding to and inactivating Bcl-xL in mitochondria (Datta et al., 1997). In turn, Bcl-x

• DA neurons are capable of somatodendritic and axonal

  2020-01-11

  

  DA neurons are capable of somatodendritic and axonal DA release, which may occur at synapses, as well as non-synaptic or asynaptic sites (Trudeau et al., 2014). DA may also be released at different timescales and in response to different DA neuron firing patterns (Grace et al., 2007). Furthermore, s

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgments Work in the labo

  2020-01-11

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments Work in the laboratory of SPS is funded by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Network Project BSC-0111 (INDEPTH) and BSC-0112 (NanoSHE). We are thankful to Director, CSIR-IITR for his constant encouragement and support. We also acknowledg

• The two SNPs rs rs presented above are part

  2020-01-11

  

  The two SNPs rs4818-rs4680 presented above are part of the haploblock (rs6269, rs4633, rs4818, rs4680) presenting the 3 major haplotypes which influence the enzymatic activity of COMT. This activity is inversely related to the sensitivity of pain in a chronic pain syndrome; so the haplotype (GCGG) h

• Evidence for interactions between the endothelin

  2020-01-11

  

  Evidence for interactions between the endothelin and the angiotensin system has also become plentiful. It has become clear that the two systems, in addition to acting independently, can act synergistically (Emori et al., 1989, Imai et al., 1992) as well as promote the peptide mRNA expression in endo

• Prostaglandin E PGE is involved in several biological

  2020-01-11

  

  Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in several biological processes such as renal function, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. The various biological effects of PGE2 are mediated by the so-called E-type prostanoid receptors (EP1 to EP4). Among these, the EP4 receptor has been well studied

• Compression The L vertebral body

  2020-01-11

  

  Compression: The L4 vertebral body was tested in compression with loads applied along the craniocaudal axis using an Instron 8800 device at a rate of 3mm/min. Load displacement data were captured using Bluehill software. The ultimate load, yield load, stiffness, ultimate stress, yield stress and You

• br O GlcNAc transferase OGT belongs

  2020-01-11

  

  O-GlcNAc transferase OGT belongs to the metal-independent GT-B superfamily of glycosyltransferases, which has been well-reviewed previously [14,15]. OGT is an essential gene encoded on the X-chromosome, and it has two main regions: a long N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) region and a C-t

• br Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by I

  2020-01-11

  

  Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Industrial Technology Institute, Sri Lanka through funds received from Sri Lankan Government Treasury (TG13/69). G. D. Liyanaarachchi received postgraduate research scholarship grant from National Science Foundation Sri Lanka (NSF/SCH/2017/0

• In mice our EBI EGFP reporter showed that EBI is

  2020-01-11

  

  In mice, our EBI2EGFP reporter showed that EBI2 is expressed consistently in naive T helper cells. Already single positive CD4+ thymocytes express EBI2 (not shown). In effector and regulatory T cells in naive mice, the percentage of EBI2 expression was lower (∼40%). Like others (Liu et al., 2011),

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by

  2020-01-11

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant from the National Center for GM Crops (PJ008152) of the Next Generation BioGreen 21 Program funded by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, to W.T.K. Introduction Ubiquitin (Ub) has been considered as one of the most import

• TAME Immune modulation by steroid hormones

  2020-01-10

  

  Immune modulation by steroid hormones is a rather new aspect of the research on endocrine interactions in lower vertebrates (Harris and Bird, 2000). In the classical view, steroids exert their effects by binding to specific intracellular receptors that function as ligand-activated transcriptional re

• To our knowledge this is the first

  2020-01-10

  

  To our knowledge, this is the first report of an oncocytoma expressing alpha-enolase or causing autoimmune retinopathy and optic neuropathy. Although generally considered benign, oncocytomas have rarely been associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, including tumor-induced hypertension, erythrocytos

• br Significance Dysregulation of dopamine homeostasis contri

  2020-01-10

  

  Significance Dysregulation of dopamine homeostasis contributes to Parkinson\'s disease (PD). The nuclear receptor Nurr1 plays a central role in dopamine homeostasis, regulating the transcription of CL 316243 disodium salt governing the synthesis, packaging, and reuptake of dopamine. Efforts to c

• Consistent with our previous study

  2020-01-10

  

  Consistent with our previous study (Gao et al., 2018b; Wu et al., 2018), we found that TCB-2 disrupted both pup preference and home-cage maternal behavior. Based on the findings that 4-h pup pdgfr (a technique presumably increases maternal motivation) failed to attenuate the TCB-2-induced maternal d

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